Writing a review paper
Kite Runner Essay Topics
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
JFK Assasination essays
JFK Assasination articles They appreciated his working character, his vivacious administration, and his ageless way, and they regarded his fortitude in time of choice (Patterson 42). These words depict perhaps the best head our country has ever observed. In his administration, John F. Kennedy needed to keep us out of war during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and furthermore manage issues in Berlin. Inside our nation the president advanced social equality, gave a tax reduction to spike the economy, presented Medicare, and advanced better instruction. The space program started to take off during his present moment in office. As to, Kennedy stated, First I accept that this country ought to invest in accomplishing the objective before this decade is out of handling a man on the moon (Patterson 42). Despite the fact that numerous incredible projects were presented during his three-year term, the Presidency of John F. Kennedy will consistently be recollected as a result of his death and the schemes encompassing it. Numerous individuals are ignorant of Kennedys life before the administration. He was conceived of Irish settlers in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29th, 1917. He grew up, moved on from secondary school, went to Princeton University, and afterward moved on from Harvard. While here Kennedy composed a postulation about international strategy that was later distributed as, Why London Slept. After his proper training, Kennedy joined the Navy in 1941. While serving in the Pacific, Kennedys pontoon, PT109, was shot by Japanese torpedoes and sunk. In a courageous exertion, JFK spared his whole team from suffocating. While doing this, he exasperated a back physical issue, which constrained him to be released four years after the fact. (Patterson 42). After his administration in the Navy, Kennedy ran for a Boston seat in the House of Representatives. He made it an objective to assist working with classing America by deciding in favor of enactment to advance their lives. He additionally demonstrated solid enemy of socialist perspectives and reprimanded Harry S. Truman fo... <!
Saturday, August 22, 2020
The Battle Of Little Big Horn essays
The Battle Of Little Big Horn expositions At the point when I recall of the accounts that I have caught wind of how the Native American Indians were driven from their property and compelled to live on the reservations one specific occasion rings a bell. That occasion is the Battle of the Little Big Horn. It is one of only a handful not many occasions that the Oglala Sioux impacted the world forever with them being the ones who left the combat zone as champs. At the point when stories are told, or when the media sets out to alter history, it is normally the American Indians who are viewed as the miscreants. They are depicted as savages who invested their energy assaulting wagon prepares and scalping the white pilgrims for no particular reason. The media has persuade that the American government had to take the land from these savage Indians. We should put the accuse where it has a place, on the U.S. Government who lied, cheated, and took from the Oglala driving Crazy Horse, the extraordinary war boss, and numerous different p ioneers to give up their country so as to spare the lives of their kin. In the nineteenth century the most predominant country in the western fields was the Sioux Nation. This country was isolated into seven clans: Oglala's, Brule', Minneconjou, Hunkpapa, No Bow, Two Kettle, and the Blackfoot. Of these clans they had distinctive band. The Hunkpatila was one band of the Oglala's (Guttmacher 12). One of the best war head of all occasions originated from this band. His name was Crazy Horse. Insane Horse was not given this name, on his introduction to the world date in the fall of 1841. He was conceived of his dad, Crazy Horse an Oglala heavenly man, and his mom a sister of a Brule' warrior, Spotted Tail. As the kid developed more established his hair was wavy so his kin gave him the epithet of Curly (Guttmacher 23). He was to pass by Curly until the mid year of 1858, after a fight with the Arapaho's. Wavy's courageous charged against the Arapaho's driven his dad to give Curly the name Crazy Horse. This was the name of his dad and of numerous dads before him (Guttmacher 47). In the ... <!
Tuesday, August 18, 2020
How to Start a Compare and Contrast Essay
How to Start a Compare and Contrast Essay To understand how to start a compare and contrast essay, you should first get a clear idea of what you will write about. This academic assignment requires students to discuss both differences and similarities between subjects. Most of them find its successful completion easier if they create an outline before getting started. Itâs always good to have a detailed framework before you sit down to write the paper that will keep other people engaged. How to state a compare and contrast essay? There are only a few basic steps that should be taken when writing this type of academic paper. You need to do the following: Choose two suitable subjects; Make a list of their differences and similarities; Determine a good point that you will make after comparing and contrasting them; Create a detailed outline that you will follow. Start with identifying the subjects that have different and common things. What is a compare and contrast essay? To write a good paper and earn high grades, you need to understand that it always looks into two basic subjects that can be either closely related or vastly different. This essay type focuses on what makes them different, similar, or different combinations of their similarities and differences. What should a strong compare and contrast essay do? Clear up any misunderstanding; State something unknown; Show a new way of doing, seeing, and understanding your chosen issue; Prove readers how one subject is different from the other; Explain a strong point and give supportive evidence. To make the entire process easier and faster, follow helpful guidelines. Comparison essay structure There are different reasons why a detailed outline for your compare and contrast essay plays an important role in the entire writing process. Take into account these critical factors proving that and organized essay outline: Shows others that youâre a professional; Acts as a bridge to scoring high grades; Helps you hold all of your ideas in their logical order; Ensures that you mention all critical points; Saves your time by helping you arrange all thoughts. A well-organized essay outline provides you with a great chance to streamline major ideas and rainstorm everything you want to write in it. Having a good plan is important because it guides you on the things that should be covered so that you donât waste your time on thinking about what to write next in your paper. Compare and contrast essay outline: point-by-point organization This kind of organization allows you to concentrate your essay on comparing and contrasting one thing in every subject and all at the same time. Itâs easy to follow this structure for readers because it contains only a few basic parts, such as: Introduction; Main body; Conclusion. Introduction In this paragraph, you need to present the chosen topic in specific and broad terms. Besides, itâs necessary to state a strong thesis. What is it? Itâs a basis of all of your major ideas states in a compare and contrast essay. When introducing your main idea, you should start with a hook line and write the points of concern in the chosen subject. Donât forget to specify who or what youâre comparing and contrasting in your piece of writing. To end an introductory paragraph, present the main idea with enough clarity. Many students agree that itâs a tough part when writing compare and contrast essays. The main trick is to write it as a last piece of text. Thesis statement To end your introductory paragraph successfully, donât overlook the major point of your paper. You should state a strong thesis to express all the things that you will compare and contrast in it. This is how youâll provide readers with a good idea of the direction that your essay will take. Body paragraphs Arrange the main body of your compare and contrast essay in a few paragraphs that discuss a separate major point. This is how you show both similarities and differences of the chosen subject. Include the main idea in the first body paragraph, and wind up on the last part included in a thesis in the third one. Keep a few important things in mind: Include the number of paragraphs based on the ideas that you have; Explain and outline all points in a straightforward manner. The first difference between subjects In the first body paragraph of your compare and contrast, be sure to include its main idea. For example, if to compare and contrast two girls, Molly and Morgan, you can pay attention to how they accessorize. Although both of them help each other in terms of fashion matters, they donât have a similar style. The second difference between subjects Discuss the second difference between your chosen subjects in the next body paragraph. If to go back to the example of Morgan and Molly, another difference between these girls is playing with toys. Both of them like toys, but their choices donât match. The third difference between subjects Discuss it in the third body paragraph where you also need to wind up the last part included in a thesis. For instance, you can say that the last difference between Molly and Morgan is how they spend their leisure time. Thatâs because they have different abilities, hobbies, and talents. How to write a conclusion for a compare and contrast essay After the tedious process of arranging all points in an organized manner, all you need to do is writing an interesting conclusion. At this stage of the writing process, you made a strong statement and arranged all paragraphs. Now, you need to put everything together by doing the following: Summing up major points; Evaluating. When writing a concluding paragraph of your compare and contrast essay, you should sum up all key points carefully. Bring together important information from your thesis and body paragraphs. Your next step is doing a simple analysis of everything you wrote. Feel free to go ahead and mention future developments or research. What does it mean? The main purpose of your concluding paragraph is to answer this question. It also needs to complete the entire circle by going back to an introductory section. How to compare and contrast poems? When teachers ask you to compare and contrast poem, donât start to panic. Focus on both differences and similarities in their tones, themes, language, and imagery. Some students prefer to compare and contrast poems of the same authors to show readers poets use different methods to get their points across, while others choose different authors for their comparisons. First, you need to focus on major themes. Show that poems have either different or similar topics, including courage, death, romantic love, or others. For example, if you need to compare and contrast The Odyssey and Beowulf, they both contain themes about tribal allegiances and revenge. Next, examine the tone and mood of both poems. If you need to compare and contrast poems of the same author, they ca have different or similar tones or moods. For instance, take the literary works of Robert Frost. They are similar because they focus on changing season and natural wonders, while they have such difference as a grateful mood and a depressing style, melancholy and a cheerful tone. Pay attention to the use of imagery in the poems that you compare. Poets usually use symbolism and imagery to reveal some important things about nature and people. You can choose poems from the same era for your compare and contrast paper. They can be similar as they deal with the subjects of losses and death while using the same imagery. However, one poem may present a final resting place to show an acceptable role that the death plays in peopleâs lives, while the other one may represent its unwelcoming and dark finality. Finally, you need to evaluate the format, style, and language of both poems to find their differences and similarities. Focus of the meter, choice of words, length of every stanza or line, and rhythm when making your comparison. As an example, some poets prefer short lines and 1-syllable words, while others choose long stanzas or lines and multi-syllable words. Talk to teachers if you find it hard to determine how technical they want your comparison and contrast essay to be. Some professors expect their students to discuss stressed syllables and feet, while others want to read about iambic pentameter. Read your assignment guidelines not to miss out any important directions and essay writing rules. If you find it hard to compare and contrast poems successfully, donât feel confused because you can always get professional help online. Entrust this academic assignment to qualified and trained specialists who are ready to help you 24 hours per day. The best part is that their high-quality custom paper writing services are fast and affordable. Provide our experienced writers with your detailed assignment instructions and deadlines, and your online order will be completed on time to help you get high grades.
Sunday, May 24, 2020
Church History A Important Class - 1277 Words
Church history is a very important class, especially to us as Christians. When we look back at the history of the church we are able to see how God worked in the formation of the church, as we know it today. In Hebrews 13:7 it reads, ââ¬Å"Remember your leaders, those who spoke to you the word of God. Consider the outcome of their way of life, and imitate their faith.â⬠By learning the good things in history we are able to imitate and live out the gospel the way that God would have us to live. Church history provides us examples of good teachers, tradition, thinkers, and establishes ââ¬Å"boundaries.â⬠Also, there is a saying, ââ¬Å"those who do not know history are doomed to repeat itâ⬠, and therefore history is an important subject. 2. You re hanging out with some friends at college. One of them says, ââ¬Å"I could never be a Christian. Their Bible is just some book that the church arbitrarily chose so they could have power over people.â⬠Explain to that person their misconception about the Bible by explaining how we got the Bible. When people think of the word ââ¬Å"bookâ⬠they envision an author sitting at a desk writing the entire book and then sending it to the publishing company. That is the way most of our books are written. However, the Bible was not a book that was written in a matter of months, many different people wrote it over a very long period of time. The writers were not professional authors but instead ordinary men who were inspired by God to write what they wrote. All scriptureShow MoreRelated Influence of Religion on Society during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries1484 Words à |à 6 PagesInfluence of Religion on Society during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries The undeniable power, force, and influence of religion stand out throughout history. However, according to J. Michael Allen and James B. Allen in World History from 1500, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, religion was exceptionally important, because it had a great influence on everything from government to social order and family relationships (16). Hundreds of years may separate these two time periodsRead MoreThe Development And Deterioration Of The Class Meeting With Korean Methodist Church1564 Words à |à 7 PagesMethodist Church sokhoe power generation and decline. Wesleyââ¬â¢s Class meeting (Sokhoe) has been made as key mechanism of Church and reformation of society through United Methodist ministry to Korean Methodist ministry, and became fundamental of enormous growth. The point of this research is focused on the Korean Methodist ministry, which is the reason why the research is going to historically consider the development and deterioration of the Class meeting with Korean Methodist Church as the centerRead MoreReligion And Political Power On A Great Nation1185 Words à |à 5 PagesPolitical Power Giving Rise to a Great Nation Religions played one of the most important factors in the Mexican history, ever since the Spanish conquest, colonialization, independence, revolution, la reforma, and it is still present now a days. Most of the Mexican population is considered catholic as a result of hundreds of years of the Catholic influence. Religious and the church led to many confrontations in Mexican history, such as the Mexican revolution where the main flag was the figure of virginRead MoreIn Class We Have Spent A Lot Of Time Learning And Discussing1100 Words à |à 5 PagesIn class we have spent a lot of time learning and discussing Martin Lutherââ¬â¢s life and the important role that he played in the protestant reformation. Martin Luther was someone who saw many issues throughout the Catholic Church. Martin Luther was a monk and scholar who was in Wittenburg. In 1517 Luther penned the 95 theses to the door of a catholic church this document attacked the Catholic Churchââ¬â¢s corrupt practice of selli ng ââ¬Å"indulgencesâ⬠to absolve sin. He felt that religion should be more personalRead MoreFamily Ministry : A Comprehensive Guide928 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction Starting off this class with reading what Family Ministry is defined as opened up my view on how Family Ministry can be diverse in a variety of understanding. Diana Garland stated that ââ¬Å"family ministry is any activity that directly or indirectly (1) forms families in the congregation community; (2) increases the Christlikeness of the family relationships of Christians; or (3) equips and supports families for the work to which they are called together.â⬠Earlier in that reading, FamilyRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels On The Eve Of The Revolution Essay1143 Words à |à 5 PagesCommunist Manifestoâ⬠is considered as an important programmatic document of scientific communism. The book shows the depressed position of the proletariat in bourgeois society and opened a world-historical mission of the working class. Class struggle had a special meaning in Marxism. From the first paragraphs of ââ¬Å"The Communist Manifestoâ⬠, it is understandable that the whole history of the world consists of class struggles. From the viewpoint of Marx and Engels, class struggle will always be everywhereRead MoreA Letter Of Protest By Martin Luther1503 Words à |à 7 Pagesamong the Catholic Church. As with many events in history, all it took was one outspoken man to incite the feelings of thousands of others. These feelings about questioning the church had been building since the previous century, as the spirit of intellectual inquiry was one of the chief legacies of the Renaissance. The 16th Century became known as the Protestant Reformation, and was initially a movement aimed at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; however, in the endRead MoreThe Enormous Growth During the Renaissance1420 Words à |à 6 Pages To be exact, the meaning came from all the changes experien ced and inventive ideas that influence during the European history. The Renaissance occurred between the 14th and 17th century when there was revival in both learning and culture in Europe. It began in Florence, Italy and traveled throughout other city-states in Italy. It mainly occurred in Italy due to the history of Rome and Roman Empire. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that swept through Europe because of a diversion in significantRead MoreItalian Renissance and the Reformation1005 Words à |à 5 Pages The Renaissance and Reformation were two very important periods of time in European history that included change in culture and religion. The Renaissance happened before the reformation. The Renaissance was the rebirth of art, literature, and architecture. The reformation focused mainly on reforming the Catholic Church from its evil ways. Out of the Catholic Church came the protestant church. There were many different characteristics of the Renaissance. The main one is that society had a secularRead MoreWill Our Children Have Faith1133 Words à |à 5 PagesIII. In this book Westerhoff writes about Sunday schools. He goes through the history and through ways that it can be improved. His main focus in this book is to help the reader understand that the current Sunday school model has problems. Through these problems Westerhoff is asking the question will our children have faith if the current education program does not evolve. Westerhoffââ¬â¢s conclusion is that if the church does not adapt how the educate children then the children of this generation
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Celeb Reputation Free Essays
In todayââ¬â¢s society, celebrities are seen regularly on the front covers of newspapers, magazines, and on television shows. As a prominence in the public the celebrities must understand what a crucial part they play on kids and young adultââ¬â¢s life. It is their responsibility to make sure they are a pleasing choice for parents to be seen as a role model for their kids. We will write a custom essay sample on Celeb Reputation or any similar topic only for you Order Now I strongly believe celebrities should be obliged enough to be an admirable choice of a role model because, kids spend most of their time on television and internet to follow them. If the celebrities live a wild life their reputation in the publicââ¬â¢s mind will be poor, and the celebrities will be viewed as a horrible choice of role models for the youngsters. In addition, itââ¬â¢s important to be a good role model because young kids are easily tempted, and if they find their most favorite person smoking they too will want to spoke. First of all, with information about a celebrity within kidââ¬â¢s fingertip, youngster is most likely to follow them rather than view either their friends or parents as role models. More than half of the celebrities in this world live a wild life to receive attention and popularity from the media. Apart from that, youngster tends to follow fashion from their favorite model. That means the kids tends to believe they have to be thin, blonde and wear the latest designer clothes in order to maintain their coolness in public. Some may say that there are other celebrities who do important things in society to educate others well of what is wrong and right. However, when the society looks at the superstars they are in all likelihood to picture the information the media have presented. This means that public picture more Disney stars who are supposed to be good kids turning bad and awful. Celebrities like Britney Spears who was caught on tape wrecking a car because of reasons that could have been solved peacefully are horrible influences on kids. When others are trying hard to teach youngsters on not using violence to solve problems, kids who see their favorite superstar doing the exact opposite may cause the kids to believe those things are acceptable, but they are not. Apart from that, celebrities live in a glass window. People judge them for their actions, so it is really important for them to make sure they think more than twice before they act. Since actions speak louder than words, it is important for them to choose wisely about the things they wear and the things they talk because youngster are watching them and following their footsteps minute by minute. It is true that in one way they shape up our society, and that is exactly why celebrities should try their best to have a good reputation in public. People appreciate other who does well this for the society, and not people who cause more problems for others. If the celebrities start to help the society, the public will be more than happy to accept them as heroes or role models for the young ones. However, we live in a society where most celebrities arenââ¬â¢t good role models. They do anything to receive attention from the media and public even if itââ¬â¢s for something bad and inappropriate. Some may argue that the celebrities are just living their life to the fullest, and there is nothing wrong with it. I do agree that there is nothing wrong with living a good wild life, but it shouldnââ¬â¢t be when there people around you who adores and worships you because youââ¬â¢re a famous person. If the celebrities did really want to live a wild life they shouldnââ¬â¢t have become famous after all. Also, celebrities arenââ¬â¢t exactly the right kind of role models because they pressure kids to turn the wrong way. Whenever the celebrities drink and drive, smoke pot, use drugs or talk inappropriate they donââ¬â¢t understand what exactly they are doing or whom exactly they are influencing. Research shows that kids who started smoking at young age got brainwashed into believing smoking was glamorous from their favorite actor or actress or someone they looked up to. Celebrities should be responsible enough to make the right choices in public, meaning they should learn how to apologize if they do something wrong. Kids these days have access into watching vulgar music videos filled with unacceptable scenes of their favorite actress smoking pot and drinking are not to be seen my young kids. Kids donââ¬â¢t know what exactly the right kind of a good role model is. Whenever someone asks them to be like their role model they picture a celebrity drinking, smoking, and doing all the bad things possible. Thatââ¬â¢s why most celebrities arenââ¬â¢t good role models because of the life they live. On the whole, most of the superstars in our society arenââ¬â¢t good example for the youngsters. They donââ¬â¢t believe they need to set an example for other. However the truth is they need to because people are always following them. These days wherever we look on billboard, magazines, websites, newspaper, and television shows all we see are scandals of celebrities and their weak point. The media have made them into a really horrible choice of an example to the young ones. They have exposed themselves in a wrong way to the public eye to become a subject people wonââ¬â¢t be happy to talk about. In brief, celebrities arenââ¬â¢t good role models because they influence youngster in the wrong way to dress inappropriately, use drugs and start smoking. This cause the celebrities to have a bad reputation in public causing parents to be not happy about having their kids look up to the celebrities. How to cite Celeb Reputation, Papers
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Chemistry Solid State Cells free essay sample
Disadvantages Slower kinetics due to â⬠¢ Low ionic conductivity â⬠¢ High interfacial resistance â⬠¢ Poor interfacial contact General Solid State Battery Construction Two electrodes are separated by solid state electrolyte layer ââ¬â Electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and is electronically insulating Composite electrodes ââ¬â Incorporate solid electrolyte into composite for fast ion transport ââ¬â Incorporate conductive additive into composite for fast electron transport Solid Electrolyte Lithium Metal Anode Cathode Li anode SSE Cathode Conductive Additive Active Material 4 History The first solid state electrolyte, PbF2 at high temperature 1884 (Warburg) Demonstrated Na+ conduction in glass 1888 (Warburg Tegetmeier) The first measurement of transference number ~ 1900 (Walther Nernst) Discovery of ââ¬Å" Nernst glowerâ⬠ââ¬â a ceramic rod was heated to incandescence SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell), oxygen gas sensor 1914 1966 (Tubandt Lorenz) High Ag+ conductivity of AgI at 150oC (Ag/AgI/Ag) (Kummer Webber @ Ford Motor) Developed Na/S battery by using Na+ conductor ââ¬Å"sodium beta alumina (? -Al2O3)â⬠. 1973 (P. V. Wright) 1978 (M. B. Armand, J. M. Chabagno, M. Duclot) First polymer electrolyte 5 Conduction Mechanisms Vacancy conduction Interstitial conduction Schottky defect (a cation anion vacancy pair) T ^ defect ^ conductivity ^ ? shows Arrhenius relationship Ea ? T = Aexp(? ) RT Derived from Random walk theory Frenkel defect 6 Basic Theory ââ¬â the concept of material design High mobile ion concentration High number of empty/vacant sites for ions hoping Small activation energy for conduction High number of conduction channel High polarizability of framwork ions In general, Amorphous gt; Crystalline Solid Electrolyte Dry polymer electrolyte ââ¬â Low ionic conductivity (10? 5? 10? 4 S/cm @ RT) Gel polymer electrolyte ââ¬â still flammable, poor mechanical property, reasonable conductivity (~10? 3 S/cm) Inorganic or ceramic solid electrolyte Conventional thin-film micro-battery JPS 2000, 135, 33 LIPON (lithium phosphorous oxynitride) (~10? 6 S cm? 1) Low cell capacity limits applications (only for special devices) 8 LISICON JES 2001, 148, A742. Oxide vs. sulfide: larger, more polarizable framework 9 Thio-LISICON ââ¬â Large ionic radius more polarizability ââ¬â R. Kanno ALD for Solid State Li Batteries Energizer Primary Lithium Cells www. energizer. com, 6 February 2012 Overall Reaction FeS2 + 4Li+ + 4e? 2Li2S + Fe0 894 mAh g? 1 vs. Li1/2CoO2 + ? Li+ + ? e? LiCoO2 140 mAh g? 1 A four electron reaction, but itââ¬â¢s only a one time use battery! Yang Shao-Horn et al. , Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2002 Why is the FeS2 four electron redox reaction so troublesome? Dissolution of soluble polysulfides, Sn2- Agglomeration of elemental iron nanoparticles, Fe0 Initial Discharge (1) FeS2 + 2Li+ + 2e? Li2FeS2 (2) Li2FeS2 +2Li+ + 2e? Subsequent Charge and Discharges (3) Fe0 + Li2S Li2FeS2 + 2Li+ + 2e? (4) Li2FeS2 Li2? xFeS2 + xLi+ + xe? (0. 5 lt; x lt; 0. 8) (5) Li2? xFeS? 2 FeSy + (2? y)S + (2? x)Li+ + (2? x)e? A model system: Solvothermally synthesized FeS2 ? We study this ideal system in order to gain a better understanding of the FeS2 redox chemistry. (Solid state enabled four electron storage. Submitted to AEM; under review) A rechargeable FeS2/Li battery ? First demonstration of a reversible FeS2/Li battery at the moderate temperature of 30-60 C. Previously, the only reversible FeS2/Li batteries were thermal batteries with a molten salt electrolyte and an operating temperature in excess of 400 C (Henriksen et al. Handbook of Batteries, 2002). A rechargeable FeS2/Li battery Coulometric Titration and dQ/dv of FeS2 23 Focus Ion Beam (FIB) sample preparation of charged FeS2 electrode for TEM analysis Transmission Emission Microscopy (TEM) Analysis of charged FeS2 electrode Nanoparticles of orthorhombic FeS2 explain better reaction kinetics of subsequent cycles. We can now revise eqn. 5 to the following: (6) Li2? xFeS? 2 0. 9ortho? FeS2 + 0. 1FeS8/7 + 0. 085S + (2? x)Li+ + (2? x)e? How did we revise the FeS2 redox chemistry at ambient to moderate temperature? Coulometric titration dQ/dV analysis TEM and fast Fourier analysis DFT simulation Initial Discharge (1) FeS2 + 2Li+ + 2e- Li2FeS2 (2) Li2FeS2 +2Li+ + 2e- 2Li2S + Fe0 Subsequent Charge and Discharges (3) Fe0 + Li2S Li2FeS2 + 2Li+ + 2e(4) Li2FeS2 Li2-xFeS2 + xLi+ + xe- (0. 5 lt; x lt; 0. 8) (5) Li2-xFeS-2 FeSy + (2-y)S + (2-x)Li+ + (2-x)e(6) Li2-xFeS-2 0. 9ortho-FeS2 + 0. 1FeS8/7 + 0. 085S + (2-x)Li+ + (2-x)eAdvanced Energy Materials (in press) FeS2/Li Battery 1. Threefold improvement over the specific energy density of the state of the art LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2/graphite cells High Energy Density (1340 Wh/kg vs. 500 Wh/kg) 2. Excellent cycling stability enabled by solid state electrolyte which successfully confines electro-active species 3. FeS2: inexpensive, environmentally benign and energy dense 27 Solid Power, Inc. Doug Campbell, COO [emailprotected] com (720) 300-8167 â⬠¢ Spin? Out of Univ. of Colorado at Boulder ââ¬â Research under Profs. Conrad Stoldt and SeHee Lee ââ¬â 3 year, $1. 7M funding from DARPA DSO to establish feasibility Need: Ultra? high energy, rechargeable and safe batteries â⬠¢ Problem: Lithium metal anode can potentially meet this need; however, limited cathode capacity and cell stability have thus far stalled further development â⬠¢ Solution: Solid Powerââ¬â¢s solid? state battery configuration has shown feasibility in addressing these issues â⬠¢ Benefits: ââ¬â High specific energy (600 Wh/kg vs. ~200 Wh/kg SOTA Li? ion) ââ¬â Eliminates most safety concerns associated w/ Li? ion technology â⬠¢ IP: 3 patents covering cathode and anode chemistry â⬠¢ IP Rights: Exclusive Option from CU? Boulder Tech? Transfer Thank you for your attention! 30 31 Strategies For Increasing Conductivity â⬠¢ Open framework â⬠¢ Doping ââ¬â Sodium beta alumina, NASICON, Li3N, etc Rep. Prog. Phys. 2004, 67, 1233. â⬠¢ Composites ââ¬â LiI/Al2O3: high ionic conductivity along the grainboundary of LiI and Al2O3 32 Sodium beta alumina â⬠¢ ? -alumina: M2Oà ·nX2O3 (n = 5? 11, M = monovalent cation ââ¬â alkali+, Cu+, Ag+, Ga+, In+, Tl+, NH4+, H3O+, X = trivalent cation ââ¬â Al3+, Ga3+, Fe3+) â⬠¢ Sodium beta alumina: Na2Oà ·Al2O3 partially occupied layer ? fast Na+ conduction NASICON: Na superionic conductor Li3N Na1+xZr2(P1? xSixO4.
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