Cinderella and the Velvet Heels - 900 Words

Cinderella and the Velvet Heels: A Fable Narrative Fables often have their protagonists find success, through acts of kindness from others, or by simply taking action at an opportune time. Indicating that simply being a good person will bring about positive results. However, this tale shall take a different path. It will show where, hard work and determination, will help an individual succeed despite any adversity. Cinderella was a beautiful and happy teenager; however one fateful night tragedy would strike, causing her life to change forever. On that night Cinderella’s parents were caught in a car accident. Her father passed swiftly, while her mother was rushed to the hospital. The doctor regrettably passed along the news to Cinderella†¦show more content†¦This left the seamstress with more time to focus on her work, and in no time she was able to present Cinderella with a gorgeous dress to wear for the prom. Happy with her success Cinderella visited the mall, and saw the perfect pair of velvet heels. She entered the store and asked the manager, â€Å"I don’t have the money, but I’d still like to know. What would it take to get my hands on those† The manager replied, â€Å"I can’t give them to you they are only for display. But perhaps I can lend them to you for a few days. All I would need is a hand sorting out the storeroom.† Eyes beaming Cinderella agreed and went to work neatly organizing the back storeroom. When she was all done the manager was pleased and said, â€Å"Great job, just let me know when you will need them, and they are yours!† Excited Cinderella had everything she thought that she needed. Cinderella told her foster mother, â€Å"I’ve found a beautiful dress and a wonderful pair of shoes. I’m so excited to go to the prom!† Her foster mother visibly displeased said, â€Å"Silly girl, you still don’t know how to dance, and besidesShow MoreRelatedCharles Perrault s Cinderell The Little Glass Slipper872 Words   |  4 Pagesparents and educators find these characters appropriate and harmless to be shown to kids; however, many may argue that these characters have a negative influence on kids. In three different versions of the classic fairy tale Cinderella – Charles Perrault’s â€Å"Cinderella: Or, The Little Glass Slipper,† The Grimm Brothers â€Å"Ashputtle,† and Tanith Lee’s â€Å"When The Clock Strikes,† – The most well- known story of all demonstrates that Princes and princesses do not serve as good role models because theyRead MoreStephen King, Christine - Text Analysis2157 Words   |  9 Pagessetting is Libertyville, Pennsylvania, during the late 1970’s. The monster is the American Dream as embodied in the automobile. King gives Christine all the attributes of a fairy tale for â€Å"postliterate† adolescents. Christine is another fractured â€Å"Cinderella† story, Carrie for boys. Arnie Cunningham, a nearsighted, acne-scarred loser, falls â€Å"in love with† a car, a passionate (red and white) Plymouth Fury, â€Å"one of the long ones with the big fins,† that he names Christine. An automotive godmother, she

Essay on A Great Man - 703 Words

A Great Man My Grandpa By Mark DeVries For English 101 Teacher Pat Moran C. T. U. My Grandpas name was Frank Marion DeVries Jr... He was born and raised in the small town of Pueblo, Colorado. He worked at Colorado Fuel and Iron, the section where he worked in was called the open hearth. It was a hard job of shoveling coal into a furnace, and it made my Grandpa a very strong man. I never could figure out why he had a red tinge to his skin. I think it was due to the heat from the furnace, kind of like a sunburn, but permanent. Grandpa married a wonderful lady named Lucille Werner. Together they raised three boys, Frank, Ted, and David. Each had traits of their own, but my Dad Frank, was the most like my Grandpa. He too shared†¦show more content†¦This was an endeavor; he got a wild hair one day, and wanted a double shower built. Of course he wanted it in the farthest corner away from the nearest drain to be found. A few months and a lot of sludge hammering got my grandpa his dream shower. He paid us to do the work that he wanted done, and now I realize he was also teaching us how to earn our pay too. Troubled teenager times caused me to live with Grandpa for a short while. Of course, I did not live there for free; I had to earn my keep. He never really paid me when I lived there, but when I moved out he gave me my first car. From then on I was on my own, never really knowing that I was always being carefully watched over by him. I still spent most of my free time over at his house, either just visiting or helping him work on his home. I can remember walking into his house and there he would be, sitting in his chair, smiling from ear to ear, clutching a pony beer with his Boston bulldog on his lap. Grandpa was always there for me throughout my life, forever teaching and always lending a helping hand. He did not always say the kindest words but what he said, usually helped out in the long run. I lost my Grandpa in 1989, to this day I still feel and hear him in ways that are hard to explain. Certain places like going over La Vita pass or up to O’Haver Lake, even the Continental Divide where we often had lunch always reminds me of the man that made me who I amShow MoreRelatedThe Great Man Is A Great Woman977 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a saying that goes â€Å"Behind a great man is a great women†. Maybe there was a great woman behind Abraham Lincoln who told him what decisions to take. Someone who was there to support his actions and give him feedback. Mary Todd Lincoln wasn’t always a Lincoln, her maiden name was Mary Ann Todd otherwise known as â€Å"Molly†. She was born in Lexington, Kentucky in the date of December 13, 1818. Mary’s hometown: Lexington was surprisingly founded by her family. She was the daughter of Robert SmithRead MoreThe Great Man Theroy1577 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The Great Man Theory This term paper explains the leadership style of â€Å"The Great Man Theory†, by Thomas Carlyle, a historian of nineteenth century. The idea of the theory is leader and leadership. The basic idea of the theory is that leaders are born and not made. Thomas Carlyle, a historian in nineteenth century presented his ideas on leadership, named â€Å"The Great Man Theory.† Carlyle focused on the influence great men had on historical events. Like great people such as Mohammad, ShakespeareRead MoreThe Great Power Of Man1815 Words   |  8 PagesAdaptation â€Å"The great power of man is that he adapts to every part of the environment and that he modifies it while developing himself he unconsciously develops his own adaptation of his environment.† Dr. Maria Montessori (Meaning of Adaptation, p.5) Montessori start to set the environment and surroundings to the child’s size and real to help the children to move things easily without the adults help and to feel comfortable in the environment. the main model of education in human development byRead MoreCinderella Man and the Great Depression837 Words   |  4 PagesJames J. Braddock once said, I have to believe that once things are bad, I have to change them. The movie Cinderella Man is about Braddock rising from a poor, unsuccessful boxer to the heavyweight boxing champion of the world. The historical background to his life and career was during the same time period as the Great Depression. James Braddock was not always the boxer he is now known to be, in the 1920’s he had lost one third of his fights and people referred to him as a â€Å"bum† which is the lowestRead MoreThe Great Man Theory Of Leadership1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Man Theory of leadership dates back to the early 1900s where it was strongly believed that great leaders are born, not made. The basic premise of this theory has been contested since the inception of leadership study. While recent studies show some evidence to the con trary, the fundamental principle of the theory does retain some validity. The historian Thomas Carlyle coined the Great Man Theory as he argues the world’s history is simply a collection of biographies belonging to greatRead MoreCinderella Man And The Great Depression991 Words   |  4 Pagesyet laborious, time for The United States as the country faced the Roaring Twenties, Great Depression and New Deal. Before the Great Depression, the United States have been a time of prosperity and originality. Products were affordable and Americans were living comfortably. Once Nineteen Twenty Nine arrived, the stock market had crashed, unemployment was at a new high, and millions of citizens were losing great deals of money. Fortunately, the New Deal, created by Franklin D. Roosevelt, was a solutionRead MoreThe Great Man Theory Of Leadership Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscovered that there are a wide range of hypotheses in regards to leadership. For this specific task, I ve inve stigated The Great Man Theory of Leadership, The Trait Theory of Leadership and The Role Theory of Leadership. The Great Man Theory of Leadership The Great Man Theory of Leadership came in the mid nineteenth century. Advanced by Thomas Carlyle, The Great Man Theory of Leadership fundamentally underpins the possibility that awesome leaders are conceived not made. As indicated by the siteRead MoreMy Great Uncle Was A Great Man946 Words   |  4 Pageshad someone in your family that you’re extremely close to? I have many close family members, but no one was as close to me as my great uncle. Memories you have of a family member will forever be in your heart, and your mind. My great uncle was a great man. He was like a brother to me. He was always there for me when I needed him and when I was down. We had so many great memories. At every family gather he would always chase me around because I was younger before he passed away. He always would sneakRead MoreBeowulf : A Man Of Great Power Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagesestablished sequence of events in a hero s journey. Beowulf repeats the structure of an epic twice, the first being during his time in Heorot. Beowulf is introduced as a man of great power, as is common for protagonists of literary epics. The author states that, â€Å"There was no one else like him alive. / In his day, he was the mightiest man on earth, highborn and powerful (196-198). When Beowulf arrives in Heorot, he is tasked with defending the Shieldings from the threat posed by Grendel, which is theRead MoreMy Life As A Great Man Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesMy goal in life is to one day be a great man, like my step father Matt. He has shown this to me by taking on the role of dad to five kids as if they were his real own flesh and blood. He has also taught me the responsibility it takes to be a father. I couldn’t imagine my life without him. Matt has affected my life more then he will ever know. Although he is not my real biological father, I will always look at him as my real dad. Even though I do not call him dad h e knows how I feel. Our relationship

Backpacking Essay Example For Students

Backpacking Essay Have you ever been fed up with the stress and noise of city life? Do you likespending time outdoors? You are not alone. Every year thousands of people headto the nearby Appalachian trail to get away and spend some quality timeoutdoors. Backpacking is, at least, an interesting way to spend time outdoors. By keeping all their gear in a backpack, campers can travel distances with ease. The following will identify and explain the techniques and equipment used forbackpacking on the Appalachian Trail. The Appalachian Trail, or A.T. as it isknown to backpackers, is a foot trail that runs from Springer Mt., Georgia toMount Katahdin in Maine. (Curran, 7) Running through the Appalachian Mountains,the trail allows packers to encounter wooded landscape with a variety ofterrain, temperatures, and weather conditions. In practice, the Trail isusually a simple footpath, purposeful in direction and concept, favoring theheights of land and loaded for minimum reliance on construction for protectingthe resource. The body of the trail is provided by the lands it traverses, andits soul is the living stewardship of the volunteers and workers of theAppalachian Trail community. (definition of the Appalachian Trail, fromAppalachian Trail Management Principals.)(Curran, 7)Because the trail is over2,100 miles long, it becomes very difficult for a packer to hike the entiretrail. Each year a bout 5,000 people attempt to thru-hike the Appalachian Trail. Of these 5,000 it is estimated that less than 300 accomplish their goal. (Curran, 8) Many other packers enjoy weekend or short trips and hike the trailin pieces. Either way, backpacking is extremely challenging and enjoyable. Hiking on the Appalachian Trail requires its own kind of equipment, unique tobackpacking. Campers must have a sturdy reliable backpack to carry theirequipment. (Drury 37) Backpacks are generally supported by a combination ofstraps around the shoulders and hips. Packs usually come in two styles: externalframe and internal frame. (Gorman,1) An external frame pack is an excellentchoice in a backpack for many reasons. An external pack is easy to load andorganize because of the large panel that opens for easy access. (Gorman, 1)External packs often have large pockets or compartments so that the backpackercan quickly find a specific piece of equipment. (Howe 94-95) Another quality ofthe external frame packs is that air circulates between the campers back andthe packbag, keeping them cool in the hot summer months. (Golman,2) Perhaps bestof all, they dont drag hikers down when carrying a heavy load. Because externalframe packs have a higher center of gravity, they allow hiking in a more upri ghtstance. (Gorman, 2) For a pack that typically costs less than half an equivalentinternal, these features are noteworthy. Internal frames are built with lighterloads in mind. They are supported by stiff aluminum poles inside the packbag. (Gorman 2) All of the campers gear is stored inside the pack as well becausethere are no outer poles to strap equipment to. Internal frame packs carry theweight lower than externals, and closer to the back. The result is a pack thathas much better balance, ideal for off-trail hikers, but not too important for awell groomed trail like the A.T. (Drury 41) Select an internal orexternal frame pack based upon the outdoor activities you normally do andconsider that external frame packs are generally less expensive. (Drury43) Another essential piece of equipment for the backpacker is shelter. (Drury,56) Although some lightweight enthusiasts prefer a simple rain-fly or tarp, bugscan often be a problem. A tent is usually a good solution. There are many typesof tents to choose from. One reliable type of tent is the seventies styleA-Frame. (Drury, 57) The A-Frame is a triangle shaped tent thatworks well at keeping the weather out. (Wallace 41) The dome tent is becomingmore popular because it h as more space with less weight. Dome tents usefiberglass poles for support so they are strong, reliable and light. Dome tentskeep rain out well but do not always hold up in very high winds. (Wallace 42)Whichever tent is chosen, some common features are necessary. Most tentstoday are designed with a bathtub floor, breathable walls, and a waterproofrainfly. (Drury 56) First campers must find a tent with abathtub bottom. This is sturdy waterproof nylon that covers thebottom and 6 to 16 inches of the tent wall. (Drury 56) This design eliminatesthe need for a ground cloth, thus cutting back on weight. Another importantfeature is the breathable walls. Breathable fabric should prevent condensation,keeping moisture from collecting and getting the camper wet anyway. Finally,tents should be topped with a rainfly. Rainflies enhance ventilation and makesure that the tent is waterproof. (Drury 56) One of the most basic and essentialpieces of equipment is clothing. Clothes are selected based on c omfort,protection, and layering. (Wallace 21) Comfortable clothes are defined as thosethat will keep the body cool in warm weather but warm in cold weather. Clothesshould be selected for the expected temperatures. Clothing quality is veryimportant to backpackers. With the limited wardrobe backpackers have, qualityapparel that is rugged and durable is well worth the money. (Wallace 21) Thesynthetic fabric of recent years has performed well by providing betterinsulation, waterproofing and durability than traditional fabrics. (Wallace21-22) No matter what clothes that campers wear it is essential for them to wearlayers. The more layers worn, the warmer the body. Fewer layers are worn to staycool. (Wallace 23) Layering traps heat that the body produces and keeps it therein air pockets. Layering also keeps packers dry and comfortable. (Wallace 23) Byremoving inner layers perspiration is removed so that the skin stays dry. At thebeginning of the day packers shed layers as it gets warmer. Near eveninghowever, it begins to get cooler and the layers are soon replaced. Rain gear isalways an essential item. No matter what the weather forecast says, nomatter the season, no matter the climate: The only thing that will absolutely,positively guarantee that no rain falls on you during your trip is your raingear(Wallace 23) A sturdy pair of boots are also very important for atrail like the A.T. (Wallace 25) Boots should be flexible on top but stiff inthe sole to prevent feet from twisting. Food is another of the most important,troublesome, and desired items that packers must worry about. On the trail everyounce counts, and most common foods are simply too heavy to haul through themountains on our backs. (Drury 78) Also food must be easy to prepare and be ableto last without a refrigerator. Dehydrated and freeze dried foods do a good jobfulfilling these requirements but their taste leaves something to be desired. .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd , .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd .postImageUrl , .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd , .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd:hover , .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd:visited , .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd:active { border:0!important; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd:active , .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud86ec34b165cf5d2223affcbaf55f9dd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parent EssaySome people make rice or soup or other naturally long lasting, light, easy toprepare dishes that can be found in the grocery store. Most parts of the A.T. have banned camp fires so a portable stove is a useful item to have. Stoves can be distinguished by the gas that they burn. White gas,kerosene, unleaded gasoline, alcohol, solid/jellied fuels, butane, propane andisobutane are the most common types of fuels that you will find (Drury 62)The weight of the stove and the fuel should be kept in mind, however. (Wallace58-59) Even with all the right gear there is still much more to backpacking. Walking with a 30 to 40 pound pack is like learning how to walk all over again. A slower pace is required to prevent injury. Backpackers should try to walk withan easy stride, establishing a smooth rhythm. (Wallace 49) When walking uphill ashorter stride is better, opening up the stride when traveling downhill. (McManners136) It is very important to take breaks regularly on the trail. The suggestedincrement is a 5-10 minute break every 45 minutes of hiking. (Wallace 50) Breaksallow the packer to relax, look around and really take a good view of thescenery. Wallace contributes Hiking with your eyes on the trail will getyou places, but unless you stop and look around, you wont see where youvebeen (Wallace 50) The Appalachian Trail is indeed great for backpackersfor various reasons. The Appalachian Trail offers possibilities; who knows whatwill be around the next turn? It provides an opportunity to test oneselfphysically. The trail is a much needed break away from civilized life withmagnificent views padded in along the way. Most importantly though, the trail isa p ath into oneself, a place to think, and to figure out ones place in theworld. (Wallace 9) Understanding the equipment and techniques needed to hike theAppalachian Trail will result in a rewarding trip for anyone who takes up thechallenge of backpacking. BibliographyCurran, Jan. The Appalachian Trail: A Journey of Discovery. RainbowBooks,1991 Drury, Jack, etal. The Campers Guide to Outdoor Pursuits. SagamorePublishing 1997 Hodtetter, Kristin, etal. If it aint broke. May 1998. Online. Backpacker. www.SIRS/Researcher.com/backpacker/_1998 Howe, Steve. AllTerrain Packing. Backpacker. October 1998:94-95 McManners, Hugh . TheComplete Wilderness Training Book . NewYork: Dorling Kindersly, 1994 Walker,Celeste. Take A Hike! . April 1997. Online. Worldhealth Organization. www.Sirs/Researcher.com/Hike/1997Wallace, Joseph. The Backpackers Companion. Smithwork. 1992Sports and Games

The History of Economic Analysis

Jewish and Christian opinions on Usury Researchers believe that the Christian and Jewish theorist have varied opinions when it comes to the issue of lending money. They have notable differences concerning the study of medieval European view which was meant to prevent taking interests on loans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Economic Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The insights and governing interpretations of the medieval Rabbis on interest rates are that Talmud and Scripture prohibits it with respect to the law of natural justice. In theory, the natural justice principles guarantee no opposition to the contract entered into by both parties (Kirshenbaum 282). It is very fair to charge a normal rate of interest on loan despite the irrational lending terms put on the borrower by the creditor. In case the borrower leaves the nation without repaying the cash owed, the creditor will bear the loss. Moreover, circumstances of monetary failure of the debtor are putting the creditor in trouble of losing the full loan. Therefore, the creditor cannot benefit from using his money during the loan period. Compensation is necessary to the creditors for the shortages and risks they undergo during the time of lending (Temin and Voth 551). The example of a clouded legislation is the Jewish prohibition of lending money free of charge or at set charges. The scholars openly state that the scriptures instructed the Israelites to carry out their activities in a manner that manifests care and sympathy. In contrast, most financial philosophers uphold their overriding position that charging interest on the cash lent is not against the decree of natural justice. Ruling out the interest charged as indicated in the bible corresponds to morality. Thus, using this can help in explaining Usury (Benmelech and Moskowitz 1041). Theorists used the emerging concerns on Usury from the medieval interpre ters. In fact, they could also refer to early sources that explain the charged interests on loans. The patristic inscriptions and the church councils clearly state that the Christian tradition denounced Usury during money lending. This was long back in the year 1000. Usury was rather prehistoric until that time, and its definition was just unclear (Farooq 267). In fact, not even a lone effort tried to define what comprised the loan, though Usury emerged probably because of loans. The reimbursement of Usury prescription was not a contract neither was it an offense against justice. At the same time, encouraging Usury was an offense and condemning it was an apparent look of discrepancy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The medieval financial researchers educated that lending with interest on top entailed infringing the natural justice. In the 11th century, Ivo from Chartres, and Anselm from Canterbury were the first individuals to link Usury to theft. An affirmation by Auxerre William that Usury was contrary to the natural law came just a century later (Labat and Block 383). When arguing about lending money, contradicting opinions emerged between the Jews and the Christians. Some supported lending money without payment while others were on the contrary. Therefore, Aquinas Thomas formulated and presented some controls regarding the charged interests on loaned funds. Aquinas saw that it was unfair for the creditor to gain interest or profit from the money lent out. It was clear that loan entailed the shift of monetary rights from the creditor to the debtor. Further, it is an injustice to receive extra money from a lesser amount (Farooq 56). Aquinas said that money had no regular or permanent value. It was the determinant of value for everything. Thus, money cannot be one of the terms of sale, but a scheme connecting the two terms incorporated in the transact ion that is, lending, and repayment. The scholar noted that money has a trade value. It does not add to Usury. This implies that lending money at high interests is a natural way of reproducing money. The argument was founded majorly on the Roman decree. The guidelines stipulated that money does not bear fruits that one would look forward to obtain. Its value relies on the usage. In the contrary, Meeks (2011) learnt that borrowing money for trade fair purposes were subjected to payments (p.130). Hence, making a distinction in the monetary worth depends on its continuation value because the value differs from its main character. The other argument by the popular non-Thomastic was that there existed a complete return on the original money lent. It was against Usury since it represented morals that were contrary to the nature of sales during that time (Persky 231). In the nineteenth century, a rational economic concern caused divergence between the Western honorable and Catholicism. Thi s fostered the submissions of the secular and Protestants that were considered unimportant following the supervision charge of the Holly Office of the Roman congregation. The catholic ethics and canon guaranteed that everybody including the faithful could observe interests as material permitted in the law (Valeri 152). There is no substantive characteristic between the profitable and individual charitable loans in the Jewish law. Scholars are still maintaining the early law of interest conserved in the Leviticus and Exodus (Smith 255). These laws restricted the prevention of loan giving to the poor though traditions abandoned this method of getting rich.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Economic Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Jewish prose legally proliferates with the matching thoughts and perceptions. The law specifies that when the transfer of the monetary possession between the de btor and the creditor is effectuated, the associated risks must be with the debtor. Money is an appraisal of value and should not be the subject of sale. Thus, its value changes depending on the purchasing power (Taeusch 302). There are differences between the Jewish and the Christians theoretical understanding of the biblical law on Usury. The prohibition of interest in the Jewish view was an example of confused legislation. To Christians, Usury was purportedly grounded on the natural sedek (Wann and Christi 171). These helped the Christians in understanding business and commerce. Today, it is easy to differentiate between profit-making finance and individual finance. The difference is without any doubt contained in the Catholic thinking. This has enabled Christians to remain timid that they should not prohibit what their teacher Moses allowed. History and the recent report on Usury in China The Chinese governments recognized Usury as a sin several years back. China therefore amend ed the bylaw to make sure that lenders acquire license. Moreover, it guaranteed that lenders should not be charging more than 60.0% on interest rates per year. In the recent years, the entire sum of small loans was approximately 5.60% of the whole money loaned in the market (Wann and Christi 170). Although there are big risks, the interest rate on loan is quite steady and acceptable. This has fostered rapid growth of business where development of the banking industry is slower. In China, there were no laws on Usury. It meant bearing costs for handling money or charging interest on loans. Today Usury may imply to lend out money at a rate of interest that is unlawful and excessively high. Therefore, it is a national offence to use warning or brutality while collecting interest rates on Usury. This act amounts to loan shirking, which is also applicable to the non-coercive lending to the customers (Persky 221). During the Han China and the Roman Empire, many people hardly worried about the concept of Usury. However, they tried to control the charged interest rates. When the Roman Empire collapsed, trade activities reduced, and Usury was disliked in the entire Europe ad West Asia (Persky 223).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the recent past, it was a surprise that China illegalized private lending. Not even the middle or diminutive business enterprises were qualified to overpass the financial support from the Chinese banks. However, in excess of 3.570 trillion Yuan illegal funds were financing the undersized and intermediate businesses in China. More than half of this financing took place in the hometown of Chinese. A ban on the private lending by the government is arbitrary and gradual. Many creditors are still charging as high as 70.06% on interest rates. The instigators collect funds from associates and relatives in view of the fact that loans are naturally unofficial. In fact, the hold back in the economy of China is forcing many debtors to flee to Wenzhou because they cannot reimburse the monthly interests. An incredibly sky-scraping profile on suicide is recorded because of Usury. Creditors have lost millions of dollars (Stuartbramhall 1). Most credit approaches are through fixed-up commercial structures and homes that have uncertain selling rights. In some circumstances, the government of China could impose the death sentence on Usury practices. For instance, for charging irrational rates of interest, a renowned millionaire in China faced the death penalty in the financial year 2009 (Stuartbramhall 1). The death sentence and credit crisis in the fiscal 2011 irritated the undersized and lawful business society. Thus, they forced the government to restructure and legalize private lending. This is helping the government to create confidential equity financing, macro-financing firms, and countryside banks. China Supreme Court has ordered for the retrial of the millionaire’s fatal penalty (Stuartbramhall 1). Works Cited Benmelech, Efraim and Moskowitz Tobias. â€Å"The Political Economy of Financial Regulation: Evidence from U.S. State Usury Laws in the 19th Century.† Journal of Finance, 65.3 (2012): 1029-1073. Print. Farooq, Muhammad. â€Å"Interest, Usury, an d its Impact on the Economy.† Dialogue (Pakistan), 7.3 (2012): 54-65. Print. Farooq, Muhammad. â€Å"Interest, Usury, and its Impact on the Economy.† Dialogue (1819-6462), 7.3 (2012): 265-276. Print. Kirshenbaum, Aaron. â€Å"Jewish and Christian Theories of Usury in the Middle Ages.† The Jewish Quarterly Review, 75.3 (1985): 270-289. Print. Labat, Alyssa, and Block Walter. â€Å"Money Does Not Grow on Trees: An Argument for Usury.† Journal of Business Ethics, 106.3 (2012): 383-387. Print. Meeks, Douglas. â€Å"The Peril of Usury in the Christian Tradition.† Interpretation: A Journal of Bible Theology, 65.2 (2011): 128-140. Print. Persky, Joseph. â€Å"Retrospectives: From Usury to Interest.† Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21.1 (2007): 227-36. Print. Smith, Helmut. â€Å"The Discourse of Usury: Relations between Christians and Jews in the German Countryside, 1880-1914.† Central European History (Brill Academic Publishers), 32.3 (19 99): 255. Print. Stuartbramhall 2012. The Most Revolutionary Act: The Loan Sharks behind China’s Economic Boom. Web. Taeusch, Carl. â€Å"The Concept of ‘Usury’ the History of an Idea.† Journal of the History of Ideas, 3.3(1942): 291-318. Print. Temin, Peter, and Voth Hans-Joachim. â€Å"Private borrowing during the financial revolution: Hoare’s Bank and its customers, 1702–24.† Economic History Review, 61.3 (2008): 541-564. Print. Valeri, Mark. â€Å"The Christianization of Usury in Early Modern Europe.† Interpretation: A Journal of Bible Theology, 65.2 (2011): 142-152. Print. Wann, Garry and Christi Wann. â€Å"The History of Payday Lending In Arkansas.† Journal of the Academy of Business Economics, 12.1 (2012): 167-177. Print. This essay on The History of Economic Analysis was written and submitted by user Haylee Camacho to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Influences of Neutral Countries in WW2

The Influences of Neutral Countries in WW2 Nowadays, it became a commonplace assumption that the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945 represented one the 20th century’s greatest accomplishments. Therefore, it does make a perfectly good sense for those countries that actively participated in WW2 on the side of the Allies, to take a great pride in having contributed towards the victory.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Influences of Neutral Countries in WW2 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is utterly peculiar, in this respect, is that the strong anti-Nazi sentiment is now also being shared by the countries, which during the course of WW2 (or for the most part of it) remained neutral, such as Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Argentina. After all, this particular stance, on the part of the mentioned countries, appears rather illogical. The reason for this is quite apparent. Despite the formally neutral status of these co untries, they nevertheless used to contribute rather substantially to the Germany’s war-effort – especially through the war’s initial phases. In this paper, I will explore the validity of the above-stated at length, while promoting the idea that there is indeed a good reason to think that in WW2, the mentioned countries acted as nothing short of culprits, which should be held partially responsible for the affiliated atrocities. When it comes to discussing the subject matter in question, it is important to understand that, contrary to what it is being commonly assumed, the neutral position of a number of countries in WW2, had very little to do with these countries’ intention to remain de facto neutral. Rather, it came because of their realization that it is namely by maintaining neutrality in the war, that they will be able to take practical advantage of the concerned hostilities. In other words, the declaration of neutrality, on the part of these countrie s, was driven by essentially utilitarian considerations. After all, as history indicates, this has always been the case, during the course of just about any war in the 20th century, that the antagonized parties used to experience a need in having a ‘neutral ground’, for ensuring the possibility of diplomatic transactions with the enemy, in case the circumstances call for it.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This also explains why, as it was mentioned earlier, the majority of neutral countries (through the initial phase of WW2) used to act in the manner clearly supportive of the Germany’s cause – at that time, Germany’s eventual victory appeared to be only the matter of time. The validity of this suggestion can be illustrated, in regards to what historians know about the influences of the mentioned countries on WW2: Sweden – Up u ntil the year 1944, Sweden used to be in the state of a close economic cooperation with Nazi Germany. For example, it being estimated that by the year 1943, the volume of Swedish iron-ore, exported to Germany, has reached 60%. It is needless to mention, of course, that this came as a great asset, within the context of how Germany was trying to sustain its war-effort. The same can be said about the significance of the Swedish exports of wheel-bearings to Germany during the war, 60% of Swedish-made wheel-bearings (produced by the SKF corporation) used to be shipped directly to Germany.1 The representatives of this corporation in the U.S. are now known to have indulged in the industrial espionage against America, on behalf of Germany. Thus, there is indeed a certain rationale in believing that, despite the Sweden’s formally neutral status in WW2, it acted as if being nothing short of a Germany’s ally. Switzerland – Throughout the entirety of WW2, this particular c ountry played the role of the Germany’s ‘vault’ – it is estimated that the amount of gold that the Nazis ended up storing in Swiss banks, was no less than $40 billion (in today’s equivalent).2 Even though that at the war’s beginning, Switzerland was selling arms to both: the Nazis and Allies, by the year 1941 this country’s military industry became solely focused on producing weapons for Germany. Swiss firms also used to represent the interests of German corporations around the world – even in those countries that were in the formal state of war with Germany. We can also mention the fact that, as it has been revealed, some of the Swiss insurance-companies used to pass sensitive information about the American convoys with weapons (insured in Switzerland) to Germans – hence, contributing to the early successes of the German naval warfare.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Influences of N eutral Countries in WW2 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Turkey – Throughout the course of WW2, this country tried to remain thoroughly observant of its obligations, as a neutral state. The validity of this suggestion can be shown, in regards to the fact that, until the war’s very end, Turkey resisted both: The Nazi and Allied pressure to join either of the causes at clash. Nevertheless, as it was the case with Sweden and Switzerland, Turkey’s sympathies laid with Germany. In its turn, this can be explained by the Turkey’s century-long fear of Russia.3 For example, until the year of 1944, Turkey remained the Germany’s largest supplier of chrome. Nowadays, we can be quite sure, as to the fact that, had Hitler succeeded in ceasing the city of Stalingrad in 1942, Turkey would have declared war on the USSR, as well. Spain – in WW2, despite being formally neutral, this country nevertheless never ceased pr oviding Hitler with much-need diplomatic and even military support. For example, the Spanish government allowed the formation of the so-called ‘Blue Division (consisting of volunteers), which fought on the side of the Germans in the East.4 Because of the Spain’s ‘neutrality’, the Nazis were able to buy oil from the U.S. until quite late in the war – American tankers (belonging to the Standard Oil corporation) used to deliver oil to the Canary islands, in order for it to be reloaded into German tankers and transported to Hamburg. Spanish seaports also played an important role, within the context of Germany’s economy being continually supplied with such strategically valuable materials as cooper and natural rubber. Portugal – the most peculiar aspect about the neutrality of this country in WW2 is that, due to having refrained from siding with either the Nazis or Allies, Portugal was able to benefit rather immensely, in the monetary sense of this word. For example, through the years 1939-1946, the country’s reserves of gold have increased from $43 million to $648 million.5 In its turn, this can be explained by the fact that, due to its strategically important geographical location, in WW2 Portugal was acting as a ‘trade mediator’ between the Nazis and Allies – much like it used to be the case with Spain.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Portugal was interested in having the WW2 sustained for as long, as possible, because it was allowing this country (which happened to possess the Europe’s largest deposit of tungsten/wolfram), to keep on charging the Nazis and Allies ever-higher prices for this natural resource (used by the manufacturers of weapons). Ireland – in WW2, this country strived to live up to its self-assumed obligations of neutrality, while resisting the attempts of Germany and Britain to change the status quo, in this respect. For example, in full accordance with these obligations, Ireland made a deliberate point in interning German and British pilots, which had made a forced landing in Ireland, during the Battle of Britain. Nevertheless, it will not be much of an exaggeration to suggest that, during the course of this war, Ireland remained rather sympathetic to the specifically Nazi cause, which can be well explained by the legacy of British colonialism in this country.6 The latter also ex plains why a good half of the Nazi spies, who operated in the UK, were of Irish descent. In this respect, we can also mention the fact that, in the April of 1945, the President of the Executive Council of Ireland Eamon de Valera offered the German ambassador in Ireland official condolences over the death of Adolf Hitler. Argentina – despite the fact that on March 25, 1945, this country did declare the state of hostilities with Germany, it nevertheless remained neutral, throughout most of the war. Nevertheless, while maintaining the position of neutrality, Argentina tried to provide a diplomatic assistance to Germany – especially early in the war. One of the reasons for this is that, prior to the outbreak of WW2, the community of German immigrants in Argentina used to exercise a strong socio-political influence, which continued to be the case well after the war’s end.7 Partially, this explains why, during the course of WW2, Buenos-Aires was considered the center of German espionage in Latin America. As it was mentioned in the Introduction, there is a certain logic in considering many of the world’s countries, which during WW2 remain neutral, as such that contributed towards the war’s elongation. After all, the earlier provided accounts of the mentioned countries’ positioning in the war expose the de facto erroneousness of the very concept of neutrality, in the classical sense of this word. The reason for this is that these accounts point out to the following: In WW2, the neutral stance of the mentioned countries was essentially formal, as they did take advantage of a number of commercial opportunities, which came about due to the war’s outbreak. It is namely the utilitarian considerations, on the part of the countries in question, which were the main motivational factors behind the phenomenon of many world-nations having decided to refrain from becoming involved in the war – not these nations’ stro ng adherence to the very principle of ‘neutrality’. Despite the formally neutral status of the discussed countries, they nevertheless used to act in the manner clearly sympathetic to the Germany’s cause. This raises certain questions about whether some of these countries (especially Switzerland) should be required to pay a contribution to the war’s actual winners (Russia, Britain and the U.S.), on the account of having indirectly helped Hitler. I believe that the conducted study indeed represents a certain value, as a research-piece that implies that the assumption that WW2 was concerned with the struggle between the Nazis (evil), the West (good) and the USSR (lesser evil), does not make much of a sense. After all, in light of what has been said earlier, (within the exception of the U.S. and Britain/its colonies), the rest of the Western ‘neutral’ countries appear to have been unofficially allied with the Nazis, throughout most of the war. Th e same can be said about the formally occupied (by Germany) countries, such as the Vichy’s France and Czechoslovakia, which continued to collaborate with the Nazis until the end of the war. What is also valuable about the conducted study, is that shows that it is specifically the paradigm of Political Realism, which defines the dynamics in the arena of international politics. In other words – regardless of what happened to be a particular country’s status, during the time of war, the continuous existence of this country never ceases being solely concerned with: a) political/economic expansion, b) maintenance of a political stability within, c) destabilization of competing states. Therefore, there can be no factually ‘neutral’ countries, by definition. I believe that the validity of this suggestion can be further illustrated, in regards to what account for the most unknown aspects of WW2, upon which the historical inquiries (concerned with WW2) shoul d focus in the future. This allows us to formulate suggestions for the further study’s possible topics: a) What was the significance of Rudolf Hess’s flight to Britain in May of 1941? b) What was the role of Swiss banks in helping the Nazis with the extermination of the Jews? c) What was the role of the Vatican and Sweden, within the context of how the Nazi criminals used to be provided with the Red Cross passports and shipped to Argentina? Bibliography Alvaredo, Facundo. â€Å"Top Incomes and Earnings in Portugal 1936–2005,†Ã‚  Explorations in Economic History 46, no. 4 (October 2009): 404-417. Atkins, George and Larry Thompson. â€Å"German Military Influence in Argentina, 1921-1940,† Journal of Latin American Studies 4, no. 2 (November 1972): 257-274. Bowen, Wayne. â€Å"The Ghost Battalion: Spaniards in the Waffen-SS, 1944-1945,† Historian 63, no. 2 (Winter 2001): 373-385. Cakmak, Cenap. â€Å"Turkey in the Second World War: ‘Evas ive’ or ‘Active’ Neutral?† Journal of Academic Studies 7, no. 26 (August-October 2005): 61-78. Cowell, Alan. â€Å"Switzerlands Wartime Blood Money,† Foreign Policy 107 (Summer 1997): 132-144. Douglas, R. M. â€Å"The Pro-Axis Underground in Ireland, 1939-1942,†The  Historical Journal 49, no. 4 (December 2006): 1155-1183. Lidgley, Harry. â€Å"How Damaging to the Nazis was the Shetland Bus Between 1940 and 1944?† Historian 116, no. 1 (Winter 2012/2013): 28-30. Footnotes 1 Harry Lidgley, â€Å"How Damaging to the Nazis was the Shetland Bus Between 1940 and 1944?† Historian 116, no. 1 (Winter 2012/2013): 29. 2 Alan Cowell, â€Å"Switzerlands Wartime Blood Money,† Foreign Policy 107 (Summer 1997): 135. 3 Cenap Cakmak,â€Å"Turkey in The Second World War: ‘Evasive’ or ‘Active’ Neutral?† Journal of Academic Studies 7, no. 26 (August-October 2005): 71. 4 Wayne Bowen,â€Å"The Ghost Battalion: Spaniards in the Waffen-SS, 1944-1945,† Historian 63, no. 2 (Winter 2001): 376. 5 Facundo Alvaredo, â€Å"Top Incomes and Earnings in Portugal 1936–2005.† Explorations in Economic History 46, no. 4 (October 2009): 409. 6 R. M. Douglas, â€Å"The Pro-Axis Underground in Ireland, 1939-1942,† The Historical Journal 49, no. 4 (December 2006): 1162. 7 George Atkins and Larry Thompson, â€Å"German Military Influence in Argentina, 1921-1940,† Journal of Latin American Studies 4, no. 2 (November 1972): 261.

Battle of Naseby - English Civil War

Battle of Naseby - English Civil War Battle of Naseby - Conflict Date The Battle of Naseby was a key engagement of the English Civil War (1642-1651) and was fought June 14, 1645. Armies Commanders Parliamentarians Sir Thomas FairfaxOliver Cromwell13,500 men Royalists King Charles IPrince Rupert of the Rhine8,000 men Battle of Naseby: Overview In the spring of 1645, with the English Civil War raging, Sir Thomas Fairfax led the recently formed New Model Army west from Windsor to relieve the besieged garrison of Taunton. As his Parliamentarian forces marched, King Charles I moved from his wartime capital at Oxford to Stow-on-the-Wold to meet with his commanders. While they were initially divided on what course to take, it was ultimately decided for Lord Goring to hold the West Country and maintain the siege of Taunton while the king and Prince Rupert of the Rhine moved north with the main army to recover the northern parts of England. As Charles moved towards Chester, Fairfax received ordered from the Committee of Both Kingdoms to turn and advance on Oxford. Unwilling to abandon the garrison at Taunton, Fairfax dispatched five regiments under Colonel Ralph Welden to the town before marching north. Learning that Fairfax was targeting Oxford, Charles was initially pleased as he believed that if the Parliamentarian troops were busy laying siege to the city they would be unable to interfere with his operations in the north. This pleasure quickly turned to concern when he learned that Oxford was short on provisions. Arriving at Oxford on May 22, Fairfax began operations against the city. With his capital under threat, Charles abandoned his original plans, moved south, and attacked Leicester on May 31 in the hope of luring Fairfax north from Oxford. Breaching the walls, Royalist troops stormed and sacked the city. Concerned by the loss of Leicester, Parliament ordered Fairfax to abandon Oxford and seek battle with Charles army. Advancing through Newport Pagnell, the lead elements of the New Model Army clashed with Royalist outposts near Daventry on June 12, alerting Charles to Fairfaxs approach. Unable to receive reinforcements from Goring, Charles and Prince Rupert decided to fall back towards Newark. As the Royalist army moved towards Market Harborough, Fairfax was reinforced by the arrival of Lieutenant General Oliver Cromwells cavalry brigade. That evening, Colonel Henry Ireton led a successful raid against Royalist troops in nearby Naseby village which resulted in the capture several prisoners. Concerned that they would be unable to retreat, Charles called a council of war and the decision was made to turn and fight. Maneuvering through the early hours of June 14, the two armies formed up on two low ridges near Naseby separated by a low plain known as Broad Moor. Fairfax placed his infantry, led by Sergeant Major General Sir Philip Skippon in the center, with cavalry on each flank. While Cromwell commanded the right wing, Ireton, promoted to Commissary General that morning, led the left. Opposite, the Royalist army lined up in similar fashion. Though Charles was on the field, actual command was exercised by Prince Rupert. The center was comprised of Lord Astleys infantry, while Sir Marmaduke Langdales veteran Northern Horse was placed on the Royalist left. On the right, Prince Rupert and his brother Maurice personally led a body of 2,000-3,000 cavalry. King Charles remained in the rear with a cavalry reserve as well as his and Ruperts infantry regiments. The battlefield was bounded on the west by a thick hedgerow known as the Sulby Hedges. While both armies had their lines anchored on the hedges, the Parliamentarian line extended further east than the Royalist line. Around 10:00 AM, the Royalist center began to advance with Ruperts cavalry following suit. Seeing an opportunity, Cromwell dispatched dragoons under Colonel John Okey into the Sulby Hedges to fire on Ruperts flank. In the center, Skippon moved his men over the crest of the ridge to meet Astleys assault. Following an exchange of musket fire, the two bodies clashed in hand-to-hand fighting. Due to a dip in the ridge, the Royalist attack was funneled into a narrow front and hit Skippons lines hard. In the fighting, Skippon was wounded and his men slowly pushed back. To the left, Rupert was forced to accelerate his advance due to fire from Okeys men. Pausing to dress his lines, Ruperts cavalry surged forward and struck Iretons horsemen. Initially repulsing the Royalist attack, Ireton led part of his command to the aid of Skippons infantry. Beaten back, he was unhorsed, wounded, and captured. As this was occurring, Rupert led forward a second line of cavalry and shattered Iretons lines. Surging forward, the Royalists pressed into Fairfaxs rear and attacked his baggage train rather than rejoining the main battle. On the other side of the field, both Cromwell and Langdale remained in position, neither willing to make the first move. As the battle raged, Langdale finally advanced after about thirty minutes. Already outnumbered and outflanked, Langdales men were forced to attack uphill over rough terrain. Committing around half his men, Cromwell easily defeated Langdales assault. Sending a small force to pursue Langdales retreating men, Cromwell wheeled the remainder of his wing to the left and attacked into the flank of the Royalist infantry. Along the hedges, Okeys men remounted, joined with the remnants of Iretons wing, and attacked Astleys men from the west. Their advance already halted by Fairfaxs superior numbers, the Royalist infantry now found itself under attack on three sides. While some surrendered, the remainder fled back across Broad Moor to Dust Hill. There their retreat was covered by Prince Ruperts personal infantry, the Bluecoats. Repulsing two attacks, the Bluecoats were ultimately overwhelmed by advancing Parliamentarian forces. In the rear, Rupert rallied his horsemen and returned to the field, but was too late to make any impact as Charles army was in retreat with Fairfax in pursuit. Battle of Naseby: the Aftermath The Battle of Naseby cost Fairfax around 400 killed and wounded, while the Royalists suffered approximately 1,000 casualties and 5,000 captured. In the wake of the defeat, Charles correspondence, which showed he was actively soliciting aid from Catholics in Ireland and on the Continent, was captured by Parliamentarian forces. Published by Parliament, it badly damaged his reputation and boosted support for the war. A turning point in the conflict, Charles fortunes suffered after Naseby and he surrendered the following year. Selected Sources British Civil Wars: The Storming of Leicester and the Battle of NasebyHistory of War: Battle of Naseby

Hyundai Auto Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hyundai Auto Company - Essay Example With focus on the automobile industry of the US, it can be apparently observed that the market structure prevailing in the economy is a monopolistically competitive market (Nguyen & Kira, 1998). The major features of a monopolistically competitive market include: The inclusion of a large number of market players, availability of substitute (but not identical) products, Higher price-elasticity with minimum influence of producers on commodity price increasing the bargaining power of customers, Fierce competition in terms of promotion, quality as well as other non-price factors, In a MCM structure, a firm also enjoys the liberty of ‘free entry and exit’ which again raises the threat of new entrants (Nguyen & Kira, 1998) Hence, operating in the MCM structure, Hyundai needs to face steep competition along with the barriers of high price and demand elasticity along with greater bargaining power of both suppliers as well as customers owing to the availability of close substitut e products. This can be better illustrated with the assistance of its demand-supply curve. For instance, if the price for Hyundai Sonata increases with a single unit (e.g. from US$ 37.79 as on 2009 to US$ 38.79) it is quite likely that the demand for the brand will reduce proportionately with the availability of close substitute product of Toyota Camry. Therefore, its demand-supply curve can be formulated as below. Figure 1: Demand-Supply Curves of Hyundai As can be witnessed from the above diagram with a shift in the demand curve, the brand also needs to shift its supply curve in order to satisfy the equilibrium condition. Due to the fact that firms have limited influence over price structures, it... It is in this context that both Hyundai Sonata needs to focus on their competitive strategies to preserve their leading positions in the monopolistic ally competitive market of the US. The company is further observed to focus on its profit maximization strategies, placing emphasis on the aspects of marginal costs as well as average total cost. This, in turn, depicts the impact of an MCM structure on the company strategies. Operating within the MCM structure, a company needs to maintain its MC as equal to MR. The competitive position of Hyundai Sonata, in relation to its profit maximization strategies, can be better observed in comparison to the position of Toyota Camry, which is a close substitute of the brand in the MCM structure of US automotive industry. In this context, the total cost of Toyota at the end of the year 2009, 2008 and 2007 stood at  ¥20.99,  ¥24.02 and  ¥21.71 million respectively. Moreover, the quantity of units sold by the organization in the year 2009, 2008 and 2007 was recorded as 7.23, 9.23 and 9.49 million units respectively. Therefore, the MC for the year 2009 is 1.52 and 8.47 for the year 2008 in the case of Toyota. On the basis of the aforementioned figures, the ATC of Toyota for the year 2009 and 2008 is 2.90 and 2.60 million respectively. Similarly, the revenue of Toyota for the year 2009 was  ¥6.22 million and for 2008 was  ¥9.42 million.Thus, the calculated MR for the year 2009, in the case of Toyota, is  ¥ 4.29, whereas, the AR for three consecutive years is  ¥ 8 million.